YOJNA GYANAM

Posts

भारत में सामाजिक सुरक्षा की आवश्यकता क्यों है?

June 23, 2023

गरीबी एक सतत और व्यापक समस्या है जो दुनिया भर में लाखों लोगों को प्रभावित करती है। इसे भोजन, आश्रय, कपड़े और स्वास्थ्य देखभाल जैसी बुनियादी आवश्यकताओं तक पहुंच की कमी के रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है, और इससे खराब स्वास्थ्य, सीमित शैक्षिक अवसर और सामाजिक हाशिए पर जाने सहित कई नकारात्मक परिणाम हो सकते हैं। योजनाज्ञानम के इस लेख में इस बात पर चर्चा की गई है कि हमें भारत में सामाजिक सुरक्षा की आवश्यकता क्यों है। लेख में गरीबी के लिए जिम्मेदार कारकों और सामाजिक सुरक्षा उपायों तक उनकी पहुंच न होने का विश्लेषण किया गया है। गरीबी रेखा से नीचे जीवन यापन करने वाले लोगों की संख्या गरीबी, संसाधन-हीनता और अशिक्षा या कम कौशल और शिक्षा भारत की जनसंख्या की महत्वपूर्ण विशेषताएं हैं। नीति आयोग ने बहुआयामी गरीबी की पहचान की है। स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा और जीवन स्तर के तहत बारह संकेतकों को गरीबी की प्रमुख विशेषताओं के रूप में पहचाना गया है। रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि कुल आबादी का कुल 55.4 प्रतिशत लोग गरीबी रेखा से नीचे जीवन यापन कर रहे हैं। यह उल्लेखनीय होगा कि इस अनुपात पर प्रति दिन 1 डॉलर की अंतर्राष्ट्रीय गरी...

Why India Need a Comprehensive Social Security in India

February 12, 2023

Why we need social security in India Poverty is a persistent and widespread problem that affects millions of people around the world. It is defined as a lack of access to basic necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare, and can lead to a variety of negative outcomes, including poor health, limited educational opportunities, and social marginalization. In this article of Yojnagyanam It has been discussed that why we need social Security in India. The article analysis the factors responsible for poverty and their inaccessibility to the social security Measures. Number of people living below the poverty line Poverty, resource-less-ness and illiteracy or low skills and education are important characteristics of India’s population. NEETI Ayog has identified multi-dimensional poverty. Twelve indicators under the health, education and standard of living have been identified as major characteristics of poverty. Report says that a total 55.4 percent of the total pop...

Statutory Provisions and Social Security Coverage to the Workers in India

February 06, 2023

The statutory provisions for social security play an important role in ensuring normal life of citizens and protect them against various risks and uncertainties. These provisions provide a range of benefits to protect them financially while different risks encounter the normal capabilities of a worker. The spell of old age, accident, invalidity due to sickness or maternity, sickness or natural calamities confines the workers even to perform their daily routine jobs. Protection against illness and injury, and protection of workers' is their fundamental rights. In this article of Yojnagyanam It has been discussed about the legislations provide protection to different categories of Workers. However, the implementation and accessibility to these provisions by all is distant dream. The effectiveness and efficiency are big concerns in this regard. The Indian government can help to ensure that all citizens are able to enjoy a secure and stable life . Social security refers to a system of ...

EVALUATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY IN INDIA

February 04, 2023

T he planners in various five year plans emphasized on the need to improve the conditions of labour engaged across the sectors generally and agricultural and unorganized sectors particularly. Thus, the ‘First Five Year Plan’ while dealing with the labour problems emphasized on the basic needs of workers, namely, food, clothing and shelter. The ‘Second Five Year Plan’ touched upon the problems of providing ameliorative measures to agricultural labour. The ‘Third Five Year Plan’ highlighted the need for providing better living and working conditions in the case of agricultural labour and workers in unorganized sector. It was mentioned in an article that considerable improvements have been occurred in the living and working conditions of employment in large and organized industries. The credit goes to i.e. to the state actions and efforts made by trade unions. However, a great deal of lee-way remains to be made up for the workers engaged in agricultural generally and unorganized ind...

Need of Social Security in India

February 01, 2023

If we talk about India, we can find that 93 percent of the total workforce is in the unorganized sector. A significant proportion of the population is unemployed, underemployed. 2.1 percent of the total population is disabled. 50 percent of the population survives on 14.8 percent resources in rural areas and 10.2 percent in urban areas. According to the National Sample Survey Organization (2009 - 10), the total employment in the unorganized sector was 43.7 crore (GOI, 2014-15, p.65) which does not have any universal comprehensive social security system. According to Census (2001), 314.54 million persons migrated from their place of residence within the country and out of this, 29.90 million or 9% have left their place for work (GOI, 2014-15, p.69). According to MOLE annual report (2014-15, p.86) there are 43.53 lakh as per the Census 2011. This is not all the incidence of resource-less destitution, victims of various incidents/accidents and cruelty i...

Workers and their Access to Social Security

February 01, 2023

Despite the overwhelming number of the working and non-working population, the provision of social security has remained virtually conspicuous by its absence in the lives of the great majority of the people. Though, it is a demand of our time, that social security is an important need for the people in general and unorganized sector workers in particular, yet not much has been done. The system was already not aimed at covering the universe of the workers. Neither the provisions are covering the majority of the population. A sizable proportion of the population is still far away from the umbrella of social security. There was already a big gap in demand and supply of the protection measures. This has been further increased by the drastic changes made in the legislative measures. The protective legislations have not only destroyed the influence of the protective measures but it has also provided an open ground to the employers to play with the lives and skills of the workers....

Categories of Social Security

February 01, 2023

The legislation devised by the states aimed at providing comprehensive social security coverage to its people in general and the workers and their families in particular. The major heads were categorized as: · Medical care; · Sickness benefit; · Employment benefit; · Old age benefit; · Employment injury benefit; · Family benefit; · Maternity benefit; · Invalidity benefit; and · Survivors benefit (ILO 1952). The Government of India formulated the constitution and started its implementation from January 26, 1947. There are 400 to 600 statutes to pro...

Industrial Revolution

January 29, 2023

The Industrial Revolution brought many changes in the economic relationships of the society. It forced the polity to take steps for improving conditions of the industrial workers. The demand for skilled, semiskilled workers also raised the demand to resolve the issues of theirs. It proved disadvantageous to engage unskilled labour who worked in abysmally low conditions, with a little or with no remunerations. That brought workers together to raise their collective voices against the exploitation. Consequently, it reinvented the employers/employees relations and emerged various sets of liabilities by enacting different laws and legislations. Reforms were done in such a manner that it laid stress upon the political system that powers exercised were aimed at economic and social development. It was also aimed at ensuring a reasonable remuneration to the workers in exchange of their labour with some other social protection and welfare measures. The state started focusing an...